Volume: 5  Issue: 2 - 2018
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REVIEW
1.Recent Developments in School- Based Health Services in Turkey
Serpil Uğur Baysal, Tolga Ince
Pages 60 - 64
55000’in üzerinde okulda bulunan 5-19 yaşları arasındaki on yedi milyon öğrenci, bir milyon öğretmen ve personel, Türkiye nüfusunun %20’den fazlasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu topluluk çok çeşitli medikal sorunlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Bu sorunlarla ilgilenmek üzere tasarlanmış medikal hizmetlerin olması önemlidir. Bu makalenin amacı, hizmetlerin gelişimi de dahil olmak üzere, Türkiye'de okul sağlığı hizmetlerinin mevcut durumuna genel bir bakış sağlamaktır. Okullarda yapılan sağlık araştırmaları ve okul temelli sağlık hizmetlerini geliştirmeyi amaçlayan son çalışmalar da gözden geçirilmiştir. Toplumsal eşitsizliklerin yaygın olduğu ülkelerde okul temelli sağlık hizmetleri, uygun sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi olmayan çocuklara ulaşmada özel önem taşımaktadır. Günümüzde, okul sağlığı konusunun Türkiye'deki yöneticiler ve sağlık çalışanları arasında ilgi gördüğünü gözlemlemek cesaret vericidir.
Seventeen million students aged between five and nineteen years, one million teachers and staff attending over 55,000 schools, consist of more than twenty percent of the Turkish population. They can present with a broad range of medical disorders. It is important that they have services designed to deal with their health care issues. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the present state of the school health services in Turkey, including the development of services. The recent projects aiming to improve the school-based health services and health researches at schools have also been reviewed. In countries where social inequalities are prevalent, school-based health services have particular importance in reaching out to children who do not have access to appropriate health care. Nowadays, it is encouraging to observe that the topic of ‘school health’ has gained interest among the managers and health workers in Turkey.
Abstract

RESEARCH ARTICLE
2.Determination of Effective Speech Skills of Pediatric Nurses and Affecting Factors
Sibel Küçükoğlu, Semra Köse, Aynur Aytekin Özdemir, Neşe Taşkıran
Pages 65 - 70
INTRODUCTION: This descriptive and cross-sectional research aims to determine effective speech skills of pediatric nurses and affecting factors.
METHODS: The study population consisted of 124 nurses working in pediatrics clinics of a university hospital, two state hospitals and two private hospitals located in the Province of Erzurum, Turkey. The research data were obtained with "Demographic Information Form" and "Effective Speech Scale (ESS)". In the analysis of the data, percentile distributions, averages, t test, one way variance analysis, Kruskal Wallis variance analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. Ethical principles were adhered when conducting the study.
RESULTS: In the study, it was found that the vast majority of nurses did not receive training to improve effective speaking skills (76.6%). It was determined that the mean effective speech scale score was 98.40±11.08, and that the average score of the nurses who received training on effective speech skills was higher (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the study, it was determined that the nurses had moderate effective speech skills, and the average ESS score of the nurses who received training on effective speech skills was found to be higher. According to the results of the study, nurses should be supported both in their formal education and working life with activities such as domestic or foreign courses, symposiums, seminars, congresses, etc. in order to improve their effective speech skills professionally.
Abstract

3.Assessment of Endotracheal Tube Position after Oral Intubation in Neonates
Ali Gul, Şahin Takçı, Deniz Anuk Ince, Şeyma Ünüvar
Pages 71 - 75
INTRODUCTION: Endotracheal intubation remains a common procedure in both the delivery room and the neonatal intensive care unit. We aimed to determine the accuracy of this method of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement in our neonatal cohort.

METHODS: The data of infants requiring oral intubation were reviewed retrospectively. The initial ETT depth of insertion had been calculated in the Tochen rule. The initial depth was compared to the midtracheal region. The differences between the initial and ideal depth was calculated and divided by the midtracheal distance. Infants were placed into weight groups of ≤1000 g, 1001 to 2000 g, 2001 to 3000 g, and ≥3001 g.
RESULTS: We evaluated ETT placement in 160 neonates. Mean gestational age was 32.2 ± 4.4 weeks (23 to 41 weeks) and mean weight was 1989 ± 829 g (560 to 3800 g). The mean range of the difference between the initial depth and ideal depth to midtracheal distance was 0.39 ± 0.04, 0.35 ± 0.04, 0.46 ± 0.05, and 0.23 ± 0.04 in infants weighing ≤1000 g, 1001 to 2000 g, 2001 to 3000 g, and ≥3001 g, respectively (p=0,025). The differences between 2001-3000 g group and 1001-2000, also 2001-3000 g group and ≥3001 g group were statistically significant (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The 7-8-9 rule would be used to determine ETT length in neonates requiring intubation, particularly in those weighing more than 3 kg. As this rule has low accuracy for extremely very low birth weight neonates, its sensitivity may not be clear for neonates weighing below than 3 kg weight.
Abstract

4.Determining risk factors of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy: A retrospective study
Ferda Gürkan, Sarenur Gökben, Hepsen Mine Serin, Sanem Yılmaz, Gül Aktan, Hasan Tekgül
Pages 76 - 81
GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı, serebral palsili çocuklarda epilepsi gelişiminin risk faktörlerini belirlemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ocak 2008-Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında Ege Üniversitesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Çocuk Nörolojisi Anabilim Dalı'nda takip edilen 234 serebral palsi hastasının verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Tüm hastalar Grup 1: epilepsisi olmayan serebral felç (n: 116) ve grup 2: epilepsili serebral felç (n: 118) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Grupların klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları birbirleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, p değerinin 0,05'in altında olması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
BULGULAR: Cinsiyet, gestasyonal yaş, doğum şekli, doğum ağırlığı, serebral felç gelişimi için risk faktörleri (pre / peri / postnatal), yenidoğan yoğun bakım kalış süresi ve mekanik ventilasyon gereksinimi açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. (P> 0.05).Epilepsi gelişimi için risk faktörleri olarak, neonatal konvulzyon varlığı, fokal klonik ve jeneralize tonik neonatal nöbetler, yenidoğan EEG'sinde anormal zemin ritmi, en az bir antiepileptik ilaç ile neonatal yoğun bakım ünitesinden taburcu olma, spastik bilateral (tetraplejik) serebral palsi, altıncı aydaki EEG'de epileptik aktivite, anormal kraniyal MRG bulguları, mental retardasyon, mikrosefali ve görsel problemler saptanmıştır.
TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Epilepsi, serebral felçli çocuklarda görülen yaygın bir sorundur. Bu nedenle serebral palsi vakaları, özellikle belirlenmiş risk faktörlerine sahip olanlar, epilepsi açısından zamanında teşhis ve uygun tedavi için yakından izlenmelidir.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of epilepsy development in children with cerebral palsy.
METHODS: Data of 234 cerebral palsy patients followed at Ege University Pediatrics Department, Child Neurology Division between January 2008 and December 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were classified into two groups as Group 1: cerebral palsy without epilepsy (n: 116), and Group 2: cerebral palsy with epilepsy (n: 118). Clinical, laboratory findings of the groups were compared to each other, a p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of gender, gestastional age, birth type, birth weight, risk factors for cerebral palsy development (pre/peri/postnatal), duration of neonatal intensive care stay and the need for mechanical ventilation. (p>0.05). Risk factors of epilepsy were determined as the following; presence of neonatal convulsions, focal clonic and generalized tonic neonatal seizures, abnormal baseline rhythm on neonatal EEG, discharge from neonatal intensive care unit with at least one antiepileptic drug, spastic bilateral (tetraplegic) cerebral palsy, epileptic activity on the sixth month EEG, abnormal cranial MRI findings, mental retardation, microcephaly and visual problems.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Epilepsy is a common problem in children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, cases of cerebral palsy, especially those with the determined risk factors should be closely monitored in terms of epilepsy for timely diagnosis and proper treatment.
Abstract

5.The effect of music listened to during recovery period after day surgery on anxiety state and vital signs of child and adolescent
Atiye Karakul, Zehra Bahire Bolışık
Pages 82 - 87
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the effect of music listened to during recovery period after day surgery on anxiety state and vital signs of child and adolescent patients.
METHODS: A pre-test/post-test control group design. Intervention group(listened music) and control group were compared.
RESULTS: Patients(n=65) who listened music demonstrated less anxiety than those who did not listen to music(n=65). Also in the intervention group, pulse rates, diastolic and systolic blood pressure values and respiratory rates decreased after music therapy.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Music listened to during post-operative recovery period decreases the anxiety level of patients. Music therapy is a method which shows positive effects on pulse rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure values and respiratory rate without any side effects. Music therapy may be included in nursing care procedures applied to patients after day case surgery during recovery period.
Abstract

6.Comparison of Burn Depth at Different Temperatures on Ex Vivo Human Skin with Standardized Model and Comparison of The Results with Rat Contact Burn Model
Mehmet Surhan Arda, Nilsun Kuas, Erdem Söztutar, Atacan Emre Koçman, Hüseyin Ilhan
Pages 88 - 91
GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Yanık çocuk ve erişkinde tüm dünyada halen önemli mortalite ve morbidite sorunudur. Gerek etik gerekse de standardizasyonun sağlanamaması nedeniyle klinik çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle çalışmalar hayvan deneyleri üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Ancak halen yanıt bekleyen gerek fizyopatoloji ve gerekse de tedavi açısından birçok soru ve sorunlar vardır. Modellerde kullanılan yöntemlerin insan derisi (İD) üzerindeki etkileri bilinmemektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle standardize yanık modelinde ex vivo İD’ne etkileri ve deney hayvanı yanıkları ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Plastik Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi AD’da, deneysel amaçlar dışındaki nedenlerle sağlıklı deri eksizyonu yapılan olguların (abdominoplasti) derileri, bilgilendirilmiş onam alınarak kullanıldı. Çalışmada, 60, 80, 100°C’lık 3 grup ve her grupta yüksek (0,88kg/cm2) ve hafif basınç (Temas yüzeyi oluşturacak basınç, 0,21kg/cm2) alt grupları oluşturulurken süre 10 sn ile sınırlandırıldı. İşlem sonrasında 1. saatte eksizyonel biyopsi yapıldı. Gruplar kendi içinde yanık derinlikleri ve dermis-epidermis kalınlıkları açısından karşılaştırıldı.
BULGULAR: Toplam 4 ayrı hastadan alınan İD kullanıldı. Sağlıklı İD dermis ve epidermis kalınlıkları açısından istatistiksel fark saptanmadı. En düşük yanık oranı 60°C-hafif basınç grubunda (% 10,5±0,7) sadece epidermise sınırlı birinci derece yanık elde edilirken, 60°C-yüksek basınç grubunda ikinci derece yüzeysel; 80°C-hafif grubunda ikinci derece yüzeysel ve derin arasında; 80°C-yüksek ve 100°C-hafif basınç gruplarında ikinci derece derin ve 100°C- yüksek basınç grubunda en yüksek oranda (%92,0±2,7) üçüncü derece yanık elde edildi.
İstatistiksel karşılaştırmada ise sadece 80°C-yüksek basınç ile 100°C-hafif basınç grupları dışındaki tüm gruplarda yanık derinliği açısından farklılık saptandı.
TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Ex vivo İD deneysel yanık modellerinde kullanılabilir. İD standardize düzenek yardımı ile standart nitelikte yanık elde edilebildiği ancak derinliklerin çok farklı olması parametrelerin kontrol edilmesinin kaçınılmaz olduğunu göstermiştir.
INTRODUCTION: Burns are still an important mortality and morbidity problem all over the world. Clinical studies are limited, owing to ethical concerns and inability to achieve standardization. Therefore, studies are concentrated on experimental models. However, there is still a lot of questions that are awaiting for resolution. On the other hand, the effect of animal models on human skin (HS) is unknown. From the point of view, it was aimed to evaluate the depth of burn on ex vivo HS and to compare the HS results with rats.
METHODS: Following obtaining inform consent, skins of patients that are underwent full thickness healthy skin excision (abdominoplasty), except for experimental purposes, have been included. A total of three different temperatures (60, 80 and 100°C) and two different weight force 0,88kg/cm2 for high and 0,21kg/cm2 for low weight force group were created with standardized apparatus. In all groups healthy dermis-epidermis, burn depth was compared.
RESULTS: No difference was detected between healthy HS depths. At least 10.5±0.7% burn depth was figured out in 60°C-low weight force group and at most in 100°C-high weight force (92.0±2.7) group. Out of 80°C- high pressure group vs 100°C low pressure groups, significant difference was detected in all.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Ex vivo HS could be used as an experimental burn model. It has been shown that standardized depth of burn wound could be achieved on behalf of standardized apparatus. However, the different depth of burn indicates that control of parameters (pressure, time, temperature) is mandatory.
Abstract | Full Text PDF

7.The Attitude of Female Pediatricians On Birth, Breastfeeding and Child Care On Their Own Children In Turkey
Özlem Bağ, Utku Karaarslan
Pages 92 - 97
INTRODUCTION: Although pediatricians are one of leading professionals in public to consult on childbearing, breastfeeding and child care, there is a lack of data about the attitude, choice and practice of pediatricians on these issues. The aim of this study is to determine the women pediatricians’ practices on childbearing, breastfeeding and child care and to discuss the possible differences from general population.
METHODS: This is a descriptive study of women pediatricians’ attitudes who have children between 2 and 6 years old, about childbearing, breastfeeding and child care. The study group was surveyed about demographic charactheristics; the breastfeeding practices and the general attitude of mothering. The data were compared with general population and similar group in terms of education and socioeconomic status, lastly reported in Turkey Demographic and Health Survey in 2013 (TDHS-2013).
RESULTS: The study group included 146 women pediatricians (mean age: 35.49±3.4) mothering children between 2 and 6 years [median age 3.5(1.5)]. The median age at first birth of the study group [30(4)] was significantly higher than in general population. The rate of caeserean delivery of the study group was 91.8% and was significantly higher than ever reported. The median duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding were 5(2) months and 13(11) months, respectively. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was significantly higher while total breastfeeding duration was significantly lower than both groups reported in TDHS-2013.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Women pediatricians’ choices and experiences about childbearing, breastfeeding and child care differ from population, in Turkey. This specific group of helath prefessionals’ decisions must be well evaluated worldwide as they have an undeniable role on families, on children and thus on public health.
Abstract

CASE REPORT
8.Progressive pseudorheumatoid condrodysplasia, an unusual cause of joint swelling and stiffness
Esra Kılıç
Pages 98 - 99
Progresif Psödoromatoid Kondrodisplazi nadir görülen, otozomal resesif kalıtılan, eklemlerde şişlik, hareket kısıtlılığı, ilerleyici eklem kontraktürleri ve artropati ile giden, juvenile idiopatik artrit laboratuar belirteçlerinin negatif olduğu bir iskelet displazisidir. Kondrositlerde kıkırdak doku bütünlüğünün korunması için gerekli sisteinden zengin bir bağ dokusu büyüme faktörü kodlayan, 6q22 lokusuna lokalize WISP3 gen mutasyonları sonucu ortaya çıkar. Burada aynı aileden iki yeni hasta tarif edilmiştir. Tanı klinik ve radyolojik bulgular ile konulmuş, WISP3 gen moleküler analizinde c.793-794 delTG (p.C265Lfs*31) mutasyonu saptanmıştır. Her ne kadar yaşam süresi ile ilişkili beklenti normal olsa da, progresif psödoromatoid kondrodisplazi prognozu oldukça kötüdür, hastaların pek çoğu erken yaşlarda tekerlekli sandalyeye bağımlı hale gelir. Erken tanı ve uygun genetik danışma gereksiz tedavilerden kaçınmak ve hastalığın aile içinde tekrarının önlenmesi açısından önemlidir.
Progressive pseudorheumatoid condrodysplasia (PPRC) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by joint swelling, stiffness, generalized progressive joint contractures and progressive arthropathy with negative laboratory markers of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is caused by mutations of the WISP3 gene located on chromosome 6q22, encoding a cysteine-rich connective tissue growth factor, which preserves cartilage integrity in chondrocytes. Here, we describe two new patients from same consanguineous family. The diagnosis was made by clinical and radiologic findings, molecular analysis of WISP3 gene revealed that c.793-794 delTG (p.C265Lfs*31) mutation. Although life expectancy is normal, the prognosis of PPRC can be very poor, most of patients may be bound to wheelchair in early age. Early recognition and appropriate genetic counseling is essential in order to avoid unnecessary treatment and further recurrence.
Abstract

9.Triple X syndrome with a rare finding: cleft palate
Esra Gürkaş, Hülya Maraş Genç, Esra Kılıç
Pages 100 - 102
Triple X sendromu (trizomi X) kadınlarda ekstra bir X kromozomunun varlığından kaynaklanan bir cinsiyet kromozomal anomalisidir. Triple X sendromlu hastalar geniş bir fenotipik değişkenlik aralığına sahiptir. Bazı bireyler hafif derecede etkilenmiş veya asemptomatiktir. Epikantal katlantılar, klinodaktili, uzun boy ve hipotoni, en sık görülen fenotipik özelliklerdir. Hastalarda nöbetler, genitoüriner anormallikler ve prematür over yetmezliği olabilir. Biz triple X sendromu ve yarık damak birlikteliği olan bir hastayı sunduk. Bu vakayı sunarak, triple X sendromu ile yarık damak arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çekmek istedik.
Triple X syndrome (trisomy X) is a sex chromosomal anomaly caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome. The patients with triple X syndrome have a wide range of phenotypic variability. Some individuals are only mildly affected or asymptomatic. Epicanthal folds, clinodactyly, tall stature and hypotonia are the most commom phenotypic features. Patients also may have seizures, genitourinary abnormalities and premature ovarian failure. We report a patient with triple X syndrome and cleft palate. By describing this case, we want to draw attention to the association between cleft palate and triple X syndrome.
Abstract

10.Sturge-Weber Syndrome Type III
Hande Gazeteci Tekin, Sarenur Gökben, Sanem Yılmaz, Hasan Tekgül, Gül Serdaroğlu
Pages 103 - 105
Sturge-Weber sendromu 1/20000-50000 sıklıkta gözlenen bir nörogenetik hastalıktır. en az gözlenen ve en zor tanı konulan formu ise sadece leptomeningeal anjiomun olduğu tip 3 olan formudur.
Beş buçuk aylık nöromotor gelişimi normal son iki gündür kontrol altına alınamayan sağ parsiyel nöbetler ile başvurdu. Beyin manyetik rezonans görüntülemede patolojik kontrastlanan sol hemisfer kortikal yapılar ve leptomeningeal anjiom tespit edildi.
Klasik formun aksine fizik muayenede bulgusu olmayan ve görüntüleme yöntemleri ile tanı konulabilen Sturge-Weber sendromlu bir infant sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a neurogenetic disease with an incidence of 1 in 20.000-50,000 live births. The less common form, which can be difficult to diagnose and only involves leptomeningeal angioma, has been defined as Type 3 Sturge Weber Syndrome.
A 5.5 month old male patient with a normal neuromotor development presented with right sided partial seizures, which had been occurring frequently for the last two days and could not be controlled. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging has shown pathological contrasts in the cortical regions involving the left hemisphere and in the leptomeningeal structures.
We aimed to present the case of an infant with Sturge-Weber Syndrome, which unlike the classical form was unidentifiable in physical examination and diagnosed using imaging methods.
Abstract

11.Relation of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in the Spectrum of Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity: A Case Report
Tuğba Kalyoncu, Burak Baytunca, Sezen Köse, Burcu Özbaran
Pages 106 - 108
Amaç: Yeme bozuklukları ergenler arasında büyüyen bir sağlık sorunudur ve yaygınlığı nedeniyle giderek artan bir şekilde çalışmaların odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Hem anoreksiya nervoza hem de obezite hatalı yeme davranışlarının gelişimiyle ilişkilidir. Bu olgu sunumuyla, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) tanılı obez bir kız ergen hastanın tanı ve izleminin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: 16 yaş, obez, kız ergen olgu, yeme düzensizliği, depresif belirtiler ve DEHB semptomlarıyla kliniğimize başvurmuştur. Olgunun hastalığının tanı öncesi ve sonrası, tedavi süreçleri ve kısa dönemdeki sonuçları açıklanmıştır. Sonuç: Hastanın taburculuğu sırasında Klinik Global İzlem ölçeğine göre hastalık şiddeti “sınırda hasta”, iyileşme düzeyi ise “oldukça düzeldi” olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu olgu, DSM-5’te yeme bozuklukları başlığı altında yer almayan ancak yeme bozukluklarıyla aynı genetik ve çevresel etkenleri etiyolojisinde barındırdığını düşündüğümüz obeziteye pediatrik bir yaklaşım amacıyla sunulmuştur.
Objective: Eating disorders are a growing health problem among adolescents, and have increasingly become the focus of studies due to their prevalence. Both obesity and anorexia nervosa are associated maladaptive eating behaviours that may be relevant to the development. With this case report, it is intended to discuss the diagnosis and management of a female adolescent patient, diagnosed with obesity and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Method: A 16-year-old, female, obese adolescent was referred to our in-patient clinic due to regulate maladaptive eating styles, depressive symptoms and ADHD symptoms. Her early course of illness, diagnostic process, treatment and short-term outcome are described.
Result: At the time of discharge, the patient’ Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale severity item score was 2 (borderline mentally ill) and CGI improvement item score was 2 (much improved).
Conclusion: We reported the present case with the purpose of establishing a pediatric approach to obesity, a disease not included in DSM-5 under eating disorders, yet we believe share common underlying genetic and environmental causes.
Abstract

12.Acute ophthalmoplegia; same disease, different variants: Anti GQ1b antibody syndrome
Senem Ayça, Anna Carina Ergani, Muzaffer Polat
Pages 109 - 111
Giriş: Miller Fisher Sendromu(MFS); oftalmopleji, ataksi ve arefleksi ile karakterize; enfeksiyonların tetiklediği immun aracılığı ile gelişen bir hastalık olup çeşitli tamamlanmamış formları tariflenmektedir. Ataksinin eşlik etmediği akut oftalmopleji (AO) ve santral sinir sistemi tutulumu ile giden Bickerstaff Beyinsapı Ensefaliti (BBE) gibi çeşitli alt tipleri mevcuttur.
Olgu Sunumu: Hastanemize aynı gün başvuran iki hasta sunulacaktır. Olgulardan ilkinde ataksinin eşlik etmediği akut bilateral oftalmopleji tanısı konulmuş ve yüksek anti GQ1b antikor seviyeleri saptanmıştır. İkinci olguda ise bilateral oftalmopleji, somnolans, ataksi, orofarengeal felç ve sensoriomotor polinöropati bulguları mevcuttu. Hastada sınır seviyede anti GQ1b antikorları saptandı ve Bickerstaff beyinsapı ensefaliti tanısı konuldu.
Sonuç: Farklı klinik semptomlar ve artmış anti GQ1b seviyeleri ile bulgu veren MFS’nin atipik formları anti GQ1b antikor sendromu olarak adlandırılır. Atipik formlar oftalmopleji ile başvurabilirler. Oftalmopleji ile başvuran iki hasta anti GQ1b antikor sendromu tanısı alıp MFS’nin AO ve BBE varyantları olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Background: Patients with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. MFS is an immune mediated process, triggered by an infection and includes incomplete forms, such as acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia (AO) and central nervous system subtype Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE).
Patients: We present two cases admitted our hospital at the same day. First case was presented as acute bilateral ophthalmoplegia without ataxia, with elevated levels of anti GQ1b. Second case was presented as bilateral ophthalmoplegia, hypersomnolance, ataxia, oropharyngeal palsy, and sensory motor polyneuropathy with borderline level of anti GQ1b, diagnosed Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis.
Conclusion: Atypical forms of MFS with different clinical symptoms and elevated levels of antibodies called ‘anti GQ1b antibody syndrome’. Atypical forms of MFS can present with ophthalmoplegia. The cases of the two patients with ophthalmoplegia diagnosed anti GQ1b antibody syndrome; MFS variants ’AO and BBE’.
Abstract