. 2019; 16(4): 437-443

Flavonoids Isolated from Vitex grandifolia: An Underutilized Vegetable, Exert Monoamine A & B Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR)

Oluwasesan M Bello1, Abiodun B. Ogbesejana1, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji2, Stephen O Oguntoye3
1Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria.
2Landmark University, Department of Biological Sciences, Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State.
3Dept. of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Vitex grandifolia belongs to Lamiaceae or Labiatae family, it consists of flowering plants and it is also called mint-family and the Yoruba people of South-West in Nigeria called it “Oriri or Efo oriri”. This plant is classified as one of underutilized vegetable, little is known about its phytochemistry and its biological evaluations.
METHODS: The methanol extracts of the dried leaves and stem of the plant was subjected to fractionation and isolation using vacuum layer and column chromatography methods. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1D and 2D-NMR and by comparison with the data reported in the literature. They were evaluated in vitro for the inhibition of monoamine recombinant human MAO-A & B and anti-inflammatory activities.
RESULTS: Three known flavonoids were isolated from its methanolic part of the leaves of Vitex grandifolia for the first time to the best our knowledge i.e. isoorientin (1), orientin (2) and isovitexin (3). Most of the isolated compounds showed selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase B, inhibition of MAO B by Isoorietin (1) and orientin (2) were 9-fold more potent (IC50 (μg/mL) of 11.08 and 11.04) compared to the inhibition of MAO A (IC50 (μg/mL) of ˃100) while clorgyline and deprenyl were used as positive standards. The isolated flavonoids displayed good activity against NF-Kb assay with IC50 (μg/mL) of 8.9, 12 and 18. The study establishes the link between the structure and the biological activities on the basis of the different patterns of substitution particularly C2=C3 double bond and position of glucose moiety.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study is the first to establish the phytochemistry of the polar part of Vitex grandifolia, the anti-inflammatory and neurodegenerative protective role of these isolated compounds.

Keywords: Vitex grandifolia, underutilized vegetable, Lupeol, MAO-A and B, neurodegenerative.


Oluwasesan M Bello, Abiodun B. Ogbesejana, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Stephen O Oguntoye. Flavonoids Isolated from Vitex grandifolia: An Underutilized Vegetable, Exert Monoamine A & B Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR). . 2019; 16(4): 437-443

Corresponding Author: Oluwasesan M Bello, Nigeria


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