Relationship between the follicular distribution pattern of polycystic ovaries and the degree of menstrual disturbance and serum sex steroid levels.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine associations between follicular distribution pattern (FDP) in polycystic ovaries and menstrual disturbances in women with infertility. Material and Methods: A retrospective review of patients was performed (N=73). Ultrasound images from cycle day 2-5 of a spontaneous or progestin induced menstrual cycle were reviewed. Ovaries were classified as polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) if they contained ≥12-follicles measuring 2–9 mm in diameter. Images of PCOM ovaries were classified as having a peripheral cystic pattern (PCP) with follicles arranged at the periphery of the ovary, or general cystic pattern(GCP) if follicles were dispersed heterogeneously throughout the ovarian stroma. Menstrual disturbance was assessed by questionnaire, and oligomenorrhea was defined as cycles >35 days in length.
Results: PCP was more strongly associated with menstrual irregularity that GCP. 94% of subjects with bilateral PCP experienced oligomenorrhea compared to 65% of women with a unilateral PCP ovary (OR 9; p<0.05). 29% of women with bilateral GCP ovaries experienced menstrual disturbances, less than bilateral PCP (OR 36; p=0.002), while similar to unilateral PCP (OR 3; p=0.07). Serum testosterone and LH levels were significantly corelated with the ovarian follicular distribution pattern.
Conclusions: There is a relationship between menstrual irregularity or certain serum steroid and ovarian morphology. It remains unknown if morphology, testosterone or LH causes the menstrual disturbance or if they are co-initiated by an intervening factor.