Quantitative serum determination of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, and CD56 in women with primary infertility: The role of cell- mediated immunity

Objective: Cellular adaptive immunity plays an essential role in the etiology of primary infertility. This study aims to measure the T-lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cells in infertile women compared to healthy ones.
Material and method: From January to September 2021, we conducted this cross-sectional study among women with primary infertility, and healthy women referred to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center affiliated with Isfahan University of medical sciences in Isfahan, Iran for immunological investigations. For each person, we determined quantitative serum measurements of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, CD16, CD56, and CD56+16.
Results: This study included one hundred and fifty-one infertile women with a mean age of 31.4± 4.7 years and 46 healthy women with a mean age of 31.5± 3.4 years. Compared to the controls, immunophenotyping findings in infertile patients revealed a significant drop in CD8 T cells (P= 0.01, 95% CI 0.53 to 4.57) and the percentage of CD 56 NK cells (P= 0.005, 95% CI 0.74 to 4.03) in infertile patients.
Conclusion: Despite having a normal quantity of CD3 T cells, infertile women had lower CD8 T cells and CD56 NK cells than the controls. More studies are needed to confirm the role of cell-mediated assessments as a screening test in patients with primary infertility.